Memory loss and cognitive decline are often assumed to be due to dementia, but
in some cases, the cause is Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH)—a condition in
which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up in the brain’s ventricles,
increasing pressure intermittently. Unlike many neurodegenerative diseases,
NPH can be treated, and symptoms such as memory loss, gait disturbances, and
urinary urgency can improve significantly. At IGEA Brain, Spine, Pain &
Orthopedics, we help patients distinguish between dementia and NPH to provide
timely, potentially reversible treatment.
Understanding Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
NPH is sometimes called the “treatable dementia” because its symptoms can
mimic Alzheimer’s or other cognitive disorders:
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Cognitive Decline: Forgetfulness, slowed thinking, difficulty with planning
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Gait Disturbance: Shuffling steps, unsteadiness, or difficulty initiating
walking
- Urinary Symptoms: Urgency or incontinence, often overlooked
Why NPH Is Often Misdiagnosed
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MRI or CT scans may show enlarged ventricles, but subtle changes are often
attributed to age-related atrophy
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Symptoms overlap with typical dementia, Parkinson’s disease, or vascular
cognitive impairment
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Patients may have a mix of age-related changes and NPH, complicating
diagnosis
Evaluation for NPH at IGEA
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Clinical Assessment: Detailed history and neurological exam focusing on
gait, cognition, and bladder function
- Imaging Studies: MRI or CT scans to assess ventricular enlargement
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CSF Drainage Tests: Lumbar puncture or temporary CSF tap tests can predict
improvement after shunting
- Pressure Monitoring: Measures CSF dynamics to confirm abnormal flow
Treatment Options
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Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) Shunt: Diverts excess CSF to the abdomen,
relieving pressure
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Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV): In select cases, creates a natural
drainage pathway without a permanent shunt
-
Post-Treatment Rehabilitation: Physical therapy and cognitive exercises can
maximize recovery
Contact IGEA for Expert NPH Evaluation
If you or a loved one experiences memory loss, gait changes, or urinary
issues, contact IGEA Brain, Spine, Pain & Orthopedics. Early identification of
NPH allows our specialists to intervene, potentially reversing symptoms and
improving quality of life.
